Glossary+Terms+for+Chapter+21

Glossary Terms: Chapter 21

 * 1) **Document:** any fixed method of communication between one individual and another
 * 2) **Alterations:** change of a written or printed portion of a document
 * 3) **Insurance Fraud:** act intended to decieve an insurane carrier into paying a claim for a loss or issuing a policy base on false evidence
 * 4) **Graphology:** study of handwriting and how it relates to personality
 * 5) **Copybook:** instruction manual for learning penmanship
 * 6) **Penmanship:** style of writing
 * 7) **Palmer and** **Zaner-Bloser Methods:** styles of writing taught in schools
 * 8) **Non-Request Standards:** normal writing, done without attention to the writing process
 * 9) **Slant:** angle of writing with respect to a baseline
 * 10) **Beginning Stroke:** initial stroke of a letter
 * 11) **Ending Stroke:** terminal stroke of a letter
 * 12) **Height Ratio:** distance from the base of a letter to the top relative to another letter
 * 13) **Skill Level:** proficiency of handwriting; line quality is a good indication of skill level
 * 14) **Shading:** contrast between the written upstroke and downstroke of a line
 * 15) **Freehand Simulations:** attempt to copy or draw a signature without the use of mechanical aids
 * 16) **Pen Pressure:** amount of force applied to a pen or pencil while writing
 * 17) **Connecting Strokes:** joining the ending stroke of one letter to the beginning stroke of another letter
 * 18) **Normal Hand Forgery:** writing another person's signature without attempting to simulate or disguise; written in one's own handwriting
 * 19) **Disguised Writing:** alteration of handwriting for the purpose of concealment
 * 20) **Tremor:** wavy back-and-forth movement on a written line
 * 21) **Light Spectrum:** distribution of light energy viewed as a range of different colors, e.g., a rainbow
 * 22) **Video Spectral Comparison:** comparison and differentiation of inks by analyzingt the infrared reflecting and lunminescing qualities inherent to the ink
 * 23) **ESDA:** electrostatic detection apparatus; instrument that recovers indented writing
 * 24) **Indented Writing:** writing impressed into the surface of a page of paper from pressure exerted upon the writing instrument when used on a previous page
 * 25) **Electrostatic Charge:** charge of negative ions
 * 26) **Selenium:** nonmetallic element senstive to light; used as a coating on drums of photocopying machines
 * 27) **Grabbers:** mechanical "fingers" in a copy machine or printer that draw the paper through the machine
 * 28) **Trash Marks:** mark left on a finished copy during photcopying
 * 29) **Rosin:** sizing material made from turpentine gum
 * 30) **Paper Opacity:** imperviousness to the passage of light
 * 31) **Embossing:** a raised design or relief design usually found in custom printing