Modern+Firearms,+manufacture+of+firearms,+Ammunition

=Modern Firearms, Manufacture of Firearms, and Ammunition=

Modern Firearms Vocabulary
 * 1) Automatic rifle - Light machine gun in which the ammunition is fed from a magazine
 * 2) Automatic weapons - Firearm that continues to fire as long as its trigger is depressed and ammunition is available
 * 3) Breechblock - Component of breech-loading firearm that rests against the base of the cartridge
 * 4) Machine guns - Bipod of tripod mounted automatic weapon whose ammunition is fed from a magazine or a belt
 * 5) Machine pistols - Type of submachine gun
 * 6) Recoil-operated - An operatig principle of automatic and semiautomatic firearms
 * 7) Revolvers - Handgun that holds cartridges in a rotating cylinder
 * 8) Semi-automatic weapons - Firearm that fires and reloads itself before firing another shot; a self-loading weapon
 * 9) Submachine Guns - Automatic weapon that fires pistol cartridges
 * 10) Trigger Pull - Force required to pull the trigger of a firearm and cause it to discharge

Manufacture of Firearms Vocabulary
 * 1) Rifling – System of spiral lands and grooves cut into the interior of a gun barrel. It imparts rotation to fire bullets to improve accuracy.
 * 2) Swaging – Rifling method in which a rifling button is forced down a drilled out barrel blank. The button simultaneously expands the barrel to its final diameter and embosses the lands and grooves on the interior.
 * 3) Electrochemical etching – Rifling method in which the grooves of the rifling are produced by an electrochemical process.
 * 4) Broach – Rifling tool consisting of a series of circular cutting tools mounted on a large rod. The rifling is cut in one pass of the broach through the gun barrel.
 * 5) Hammer forging – Rifling method in which a barrel blank is hammered down over a mandrel. This method is used to make polygonal rifling.
 * 6) Hook Cutting – Rifling tool with a raised cutting edge used to cut one groove of rifling at a time.
 * 7) Cut rifling – Rifling created by hook cutting, scrape cutting, or broaching.
 * 8) Rimfire cartridges – A firearm cartridge in which the primer compound is placed within the rolled rim of the casing. The firing pin strikes the rim of the cartridge.
 * 9) Wads - Cardboard, fiber, or plastic disk found in shot shells; may be placed between the powder and the shot or over the shot.
 * 10) Center-fire cartridge – Firearm cartridge in which the primer compound is contained in a centrally positioned primer cap.
 * 11) Extruded powder – Smokeless powder manufactured by extrusion of nitrocellulose dough through a perforated steel plate. A sharp knife rotating against the plate cuts specified lengths of extruded dough.
 * 12) Ball powder – Smokeless powder manufactured by extruding nitrocellulose lacquer into hot




 * Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (BATF):** Able to prevent the sale of brass open-tubular rounds in the United States
 * Double-Action:** The hammer is retracted while the trigger is being pulled. This means that the shooter is not required to manually retract the weapon's hammer. On many double-action weapons, the hammer is concealed within the weapon, as seen below.
 * Single-Action:** The firearm must be cocked before firing the weapon, meaning that the hammer must be fully retracted, arming the weapon. The single-action is when the trigger is pulled, which drops the hammer and fires the bullet.
 * Firearm Ammunition:**
 * Bullets may be lead, lead alloy, semi-jacketed, or full-metal jacket
 * Lead bullets are soft and readily deformed and are usually used in low velocity firearms
 * Lead alloy bullets are harder than lead bullets and are consequently used in weapons having higher muzzle velocities
 * Lead and lead alloy bullets are easily marked by the weapons rifling patterns
 * Semi-jacketed bullets consist of a lead core covered with a thin jacket of brass
 * Medical examiners or forensic personel must make every effort to recover the jacket because only the jacket bares markings made by the weapons rifling
 * e.g. hollowpoint, softpoint, and explosive bullets
 * Full-metal jacket bullets consist of a lead core covered with a brass jacket
 * Jacketed bullets are not as well marked by the rifling of the gun barrel because they are harder
 * Shot is usually lead, led alloy, or steel fired from a shotgun
 * Frangible bullets
 * Used in shooting galleries and also for killing livestock in slaughterhouses
 * Open-tubular rounds
 * Consist of an open tube of copper or brass with a plastic cap at the base to serve as a gas check
 * They produce unusual wounding effects and because of their low mass they can achieve much higher muzzle velocities than conventional bullets
 * Brass open-tubular rounds can peirce bullet-proof vests
 * Bullets can be produced in a variety of shapes
 * Wadcutter bullets are flat-nosed, cylindrical bullets used for target shooting
 * Bullets may have round noses or may be pointed (spitzer bullets) to reduce aerodynamic drag or to facilitate target penetration
 * Hollow-point bullets have depressions in their noses; hollow-points facilitate the expansion of the bullets when they enter tissue
 * Base of bullets may be flat or they may be boat-tailed to reduce the turbulent weight of the bullet that contributes to drag
 * Bullets may have knurled grooved called cannelures engraved around their circumfrences, which prevent the bullet from being accidentally pushed into the casing
 * Cartridge shapes may be divided into 12 types
 * Rimmed bottleneck
 * Rimmed straight
 * Rimless bottleneck
 * Rimless straight
 * Belted Bottleneck
 * Belted straight
 * Semirimmed bottleneck
 * Semirimmed straight
 * Rebated bottleneck
 * Rebated straight
 * Rebated belted bottleneck
 * Rebated belted straight